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Seldom had I seen Sasha so upset。我极少看到萨沙这样心烦意乱。
4。Apologize when necessary。（SPEAKING）必要时道歉。
apologize的用法
apologize也写作apologize，意为“赔礼”、“道歉”或“致歉”，是不及物动词，常与介词to连用，表示“向某人道歉”；与介词for连用时，表示“因为某事而道歉”。
He apologized to her for stepping on her foot。他因踩了她的脚而向她道歉。
5。Every now and then； we get the itch for travelling。（READING）
我们时常渴望旅游。
句中every now and then与now and then，every now and again，from time to time，sometimes等含义相同，意为“时常”、“有时候”、“不时”等，用于表示频率，属于频度副词，一般位于句首或句末。
We go to the theatre every now and then。我们时常去看戏。
I hear from him now and then。我时常收到他的来信。
Every now and then； when I looked up from my page； I saw the master looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everything in the room。我的目光不时地离开习字纸向上看，看到老师在环顾四周，仿佛要把教室里的一切都牢牢地记在心里。
He hurried home； looking behind every now and then as he went。
他赶紧回家，一边走，一边不时地往回看。
6。It has modern malls； theme parks and beautiful beaches。（READING）它（里约热内卢）有现代的商业区、主题公园和美丽的海滩。
theme的用法
theme是可数名词，意为“主题”或“（谈话、讨论、文章等的）题目”。
Love is a major theme of his poetry。爱情是他的诗的主题。
The programme has a very good theme song。这个节目有一首很好的主题歌。
7。Copacabana； also known as the “Princess of the Sea”； has just celebrated its one hundred birthday and is more beautiful than ever。（READING）被誉为“海中仙子”的Copacabana，刚举行了它的百年庆典，它比以往任何时候都美丽。
句中known as是“形容词＋介词”构成的短语，常与be动词连用，意为“被称为”、“大家公认”或“叫作”，主语是人时后面常接表示“身份”的名词。
This was known as “panning for gold”。 这就是人们所熟知的“淘金”。
He is known as a painter。他以作为一名画家而出名。
8。Well； there is something for everyone here and few visitors leave Rio feeling disappointed。 （READING）来这儿参观的人都有收获，很少有来访者带着遗憾离开里约。
disappointed的用法
disappointed是形容词，意为“失望的”，一般指人，可用作定语和表语。用作表语时，可跟about、at、in或with短语、不定式或that从句。
He is disappointed about the weather。他对天气感到失望。
She was disappointed at not finding Mary at home。看到玛丽没有在家，她感到很失望。（at多跟所见所闻）
We are disappointed in/with the result of the exam。我们对考试结果感到失望。（in/with多跟所得到的东西）
9。Located in southern Austria； Kitzbuhel is a paradise for skiers。（READING）位于奥地利南部的基茨比厄尔是滑雪爱好者的天堂。
Located in southern Austria在句中用作状语。be located at/on/in意为“位于”或“坐落于”。
The fire house is located on Main Street。消防站坐落在美茵大街。
The factory is located near the river。工厂坐落在河流附近。
The White Tower is located at the top of the hill。白塔位于山顶。
10。But there’s no need to worry if you have never skied before。（READING）但是如果你以前从未滑过雪，也不必担心。
need作名词时的用法
①need用作可数名词，作“需要”或“必需品”解，常用复数形式。
Towels； soap； toothbrushes and so on are the daily needs。
毛巾、肥皂、牙刷等是日用必需品。
The reader starts out； full of hope and determination。 Then the need to turn to a dictionary or a reference book； perhaps ten or even twenty times a page； tires him out。 读者开始读的时候充满了希望与决心。但到后来，看一页书也许要翻上十次甚至二十次词典或参考书，这就使他十分厌倦。
11。 When you hang wet clothes near a fire； you will see steam coming from them。（LANGUAGE STUDY）当你把湿衣服挂在火旁，你就会看见水蒸汽从衣服上冒出来。
hang的用法
hang意为“悬挂”或“吊着”时，可是及物动词或不及物动词；意为“绞死”或“吊死”时，是及物动词，后跟名词或代词作宾语。
A lamp hung over the table。桌子上方挂着一盏灯。
The monkey was hanging from the tree by its tail。猴子用尾巴在树上倒挂着。
He hanged himself from this tree。他就吊死在这棵树上。
12。Playing tricks on others is something we should never do。（LANGUAGE STUDY）
①Playing tricks on others是动名词短语，在句中作主语，谓语一般用单数形式。
Looking after the patient is the nurse’s job。 照顾病人是护士的工作。
Taking a walk after supper is a good habit。晚饭后散步是一个好习惯。
Playing with fire is dangerous。玩火是危险的。
②play a trick on sb是固定搭配，意为“捉弄某人”。
You should never play a trick on a disabled person。你不要取笑残疾人。
These boys like playing tricks on their teacher。
这些孩子喜欢开他们老师的玩笑。
13。Fortunately； there are things you can do to avoid some of the most common problems。（INTEGRATING SKILLS）幸运的是，你可以采取措施避免一些最常见的问题。
avoid的用法
①avoid是及物动词，后跟名词、代词或动词…ing，意为“避免”。
You should avoid such a person。你应该避免和这样的人打交道。
The driver braked his car suddenly to avoid a terrible accident。
驾驶员紧急刹车，避免了一起可怕的事故。
Children should avoid eating unhealthy food。 小孩应该避免吃不卫生的食品。
14。It is not enough to simply decide where you want to go。（INTEGRATING SKILLS）仅仅决定你想去什么地方还不够。
enough的用法
①enough作形容词时，意为“足够的”或“充分的”，多用作定语，可放在所修饰的名词之前或之后；当主语是it或特定数量时，可用作表语，常与for或不定式短语搭配。
We don’t have enough time/time enough to finish the work。
我们没有充足的时间来完成这项工作。
Five men will be quite enough。五个人就足够了。
The question was how he could find enough work to support himself。
问题在于他怎样才能找到足够的工作养活自己。
15。Try to use traveller’s cheques if possible and avoid bringing too much money。（INTEGRATING SKILLS）如果可能的话尽量带旅行支票，避免带过多的现金。
too much意为“太多”或“过多”，在句中多用作定语，修饰不可数名词。
Would you please let me keep my head in the tent to get warm？ I won’t take up too much room。你让我把头探进帐篷取暖好吗？我不会占太多地方的。
We didn’t expect too much of him。我们对他没有期望过高。
But where there is too much； the waste and poison may do great harm to the things around us。但是，在有毒的废物太多的地方，这些有毒的废物就会给我们周围的东西带来很大的害处。
Unit 15 Destinations单元语法知识归纳
非谓语动词用法小结（1）——动名词
1。动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次行为；不定式作主语往往表示具体的一次性的动作。
Playing with fire is dangerous。玩火是危险的。 （泛指玩火）
To play with fire will be dangerous。玩火会很危险。 （指一次具体行为）
2。动词在句型“It is no use/no good/not any use/not any good/useless…”中作主语时，必须用动名词形式。
It’s no use talking too much about it。对这件事谈论太多没用。
3。句型“It is worth…”中的worth之后须用动名词的主动式。
The new