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is dragging； it is to kick over the traces； it is to cavil at the fagot on the score of the amount of cooking received by heretics； it is to reproach the idol with its small amount of idolatry； it is to insult through excess of respect； it is to discover that the Pope is not sufficiently papish； that the King is not sufficiently royal； and that the night has too much light； it is to be discontented with alabaster； with snow； with the swan and the lily in the name of whiteness； it is to be a partisan of things to the point of being their enemy； it is to be so strongly for； as to be against。
The ultra spirit especially characterizes the first phase of the Restoration。
Nothing in history resembles that quarter of an hour which begins in 1814 and terminates about 1820； with the advent of M。 de Villele； the practical man of the Right。
These six years were an extraordinary moment； at one and the same time brilliant and gloomy； smiling and sombre； illuminated as by the radiance of dawn and entirely covered； at the same time； with the shadows of the great catastrophes which still filled the horizon and were slowly sinking into the past。
There existed in that light and that shadow； a plete little new and old world； ic and sad； juvenile and senile； which was rubbing its eyes； nothing resembles an awakening like a return； a group which regarded France with ill…temper； and which France regarded with irony； good old owls of marquises by the streetful； who had returned； and of ghosts； the 〃former〃 subjects of amazement at everything； brave and noble gentlemen who smiled at being in France but wept also； delighted to behold their country once more； in despair at not finding their monarchy； the nobility of the Crusades treating the nobility of the Empire； that is to say； the nobility of the sword； with scorn； historic races who had lost the sense of history； the sons of the panions of Charlemagne disdaining the panions of Napoleon。 The swords； as we have just remarked； returned the insult； the sword of Fontenoy was laughable and nothing but a scrap of rusty iron； the sword of Marengo was odious and was only a sabre。
Former days did not recognize Yesterday。
People no longer had the feeling for what was grand。
There was some one who called Bonaparte Scapin。 This Society no longer exists。
Nothing of it； we repeat； exists to…day。 When we select from it some one figure at random； and attempt to make it live again in thought； it seems as strange to us as the world before the Deluge。
It is because it； too； as a matter of fact； has been engulfed in a deluge。
It has disappeared beneath two Revolutions。
What billows are ideas！
How quickly they cover all that it is their mission to destroy and to bury； and how promptly they create frightful gulfs！
Such was the physiognomy of the salons of those distant and candid times when M。 Martainville had more wit than Voltaire。
These salons had a literature and politics of their own。 They believed in Fievee。
M。 Agier laid down the law in them。 They mentated M。 Colnet； the old bookseller and publicist of the Quay Malaquais。
Napoleon was to them thoroughly the Corsican Ogre。 Later on the introduction into history of M。 le Marquis de Bonaparte； Lieutenant…General of the King's armies； was a concession to the spirit of the age。
These salons did not long preserve their purity。
Beginning with 1818； doctrinarians began to spring up in them； a disturbing shade。 Their way was to be Royalists and to excuse themselves for being so。 Where the ultras were very proud； the doctrinarians were rather ashamed。 They had wit； they had silence； their political dogma was suitably impregnated with arrogance； they should have succeeded。 They indulged； and usefully too； in excesses in the matter of white neckties and tightly buttoned coats。
The mistake or the misfortune of the doctrinarian party was to create aged youth。
They assumed the poses of wise men。
They dreamed of engrafting a temperate power on the absolute and excessive principle。
They opposed； and sometimes with rare intelligence； conservative liberalism to the liberalism which demolishes。
They were heard to say： 〃Thanks for Royalism！
It has rendered more than one service。
It has brought back tradition； worship； religion； respect。
It is faithful； brave； chivalric； loving； devoted。
It has mingled； though with regret； the secular grandeurs of the monarchy with the new grandeurs of the nation。
Its mistake is not to understand the Revolution； the Empire； glory； liberty； young ideas； young generations； the age。
But this mistake which it makes with regard to us； have we not sometimes been guilty of it towards them？
The Revolution； whose heirs we are； ought to be intelligent on all points。 To attack Royalism is a misconstruction of liberalism。
What an error！ And what blindness！
Revolutionary France is wanting in respect towards historic France； that is to say； towards its mother； that is to say； towards itself。
After the 5th of September； the nobility of the monarchy is treated as the nobility of the Empire was treated after the 5th of July。
They were unjust to the eagle； we are unjust to the fleur…de…lys。 It seems that we must always have something to proscribe！
Does it serve any purpose to ungild the crown of Louis XIV。； to scrape the coat of arms of Henry IV。？ We scoff at M。 de Vaublanc for erasing the N's from the bridge of Jena！ What was it that he did？
What are we doing？
Bouvines belongs to us as well as Marengo。
The fleurs…de…lys are ours as well as the N's。 That is our patrimony。
To what purpose shall we diminish it？ We must not deny our country in the past any more than in the present。 Why not accept the whole of history？
Why not love the whole of France？
It is thus that doctrinarians criticised and protected Royalism； which was displeased at criticism and furious at protection。
The ultras marked the first epoch of Royalism； congregation characterized the second。 Skill follows ardor。
Let us confine ourselves here to this sketch。
In the course of this narrative； the author of this book has encountered in his path this curious moment of contemporary history； he has been forced to cast a passing glance upon it； and to trace once more some of the singular features of this society which is unknown to…day。 But he does it rapidly and without any bitter or derisive idea。
Souvenirs both respectful and affectionate； for they touch his mother； attach him to this past。
Moreover； let us remark； this same petty world had a grandeur of its own。 One may smile at it； but one can neither despise nor hate it。 It was the France of former days。
Marius Pontmercy pursued some studies； as all children do。
When he emerged from the hands of Aunt Gillenormand； his grandfather confided him to a worthy professor of the most purely classic innocence。 This young soul which was expanding passed from a prude to a vulgar pedant。
Marius went through his years of college； then he entered the law school。
He was a Royalist； fanatical and severe。
He did not love his g