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of years later； clergymen of the Church of England； and English…speaking Catholic priests； were ordained in the Old World； before coming to the New； remaining under the control of the Bishop and of the Vicar Apostolic of London； while the Spanish Catholics were under the Suffragan of Santiago de Cuba； and the French Catholics under the Bishop of Quebec。 Tradition mentions the secret consecration of two Bishops of Pennsylvania before this time； but its authenticity is doubted； and the two men did not exercise any episcopal powers。 Therefore when Bishop Nitschmann came to Georgia； and in the presence of the Moravian Congregation at Savannah ordained one of their number to be their pastor； he was unconsciously doing one of the 〃first things〃 which are so interesting to every lover of history。
Whenever it was possible the Moravians spent Saturday afternoon and evening in rest； prayer； and conference； and on this occasion four services were held at short intervals。
At the first service the singing of a hymn was followed by the reading of Psalm 84； a discourse thereon； and prayer。 The second was devoted to reading letters from Germany； and some discussion as to Hermsdorf and his relation to the Congregation。 The third service was the important one； and the following account was recorded in the Diary。 〃When we re…assembled the question： ‘Must not our Congregation have a Chief Elder （Aeltester）？' was presented for discussion。 All thought it necessary； and were unanimous in their choice of Anton Seifert； and no other was even suggested。 While his name was being considered； he was sent from the room； and when he had been recalled； we sang a hymn； and Nitschmann and Toeltschig led the Congregation in most earnest prayer。 Then Nitschmann delivered an earnest charge； setting before him the importance of his office； which made him the foremost member of the Congregation； especially in times of danger； for in the early Church； as well as among our forefathers in Moravia； the bishops were ever the first victims。 He was asked if he would freely and willingly give up his life for the Congregation and the Lord Jesus。 He answered； ‘Yes。' Then he was reminded of the evil which arose when bishops； seeing their power in a Congregation； began to exalt themselves； and to make outward show of their pre…eminence。 He was asked whether he would recognize as evil； abjure； and at once suppress any inclination he might feel toward pride in his position as Chief Elder； and his larger authority。 He answered with a grave and thoughtful ‘Yes。' Then our Nitschmann prayed over him earnestly； and ordained him to his office with the laying on of hands。 Nitschmann was uncommonly aroused and happy； but Anton Seifert was very humble and quiet。〃 John Wesley； who was present； wrote 〃The great simplicity； as well as solemnity； of the whole； almost made me forget the seventeen hundred years between； and imagine myself in one of those assemblies where form and state were not； but Paul the tent…maker； or Peter the fisherman； presided； yet with the demonstration of the Spirit and of power。〃
Both Wesley and Benjamin Ingham refer to Seifert as a 〃bishop〃； which is a mistake； though a natural one。 Wesley was present at the ordination； and heard the charge； with example and warning drawn from the actions of earlier bishops； while Ingham； in the course of several long conversations with Toeltschig concerning the Moravian Episcopate and Seifert's ordination； asked 〃is Anton a bishop？〃 and was answered； 〃yes； FOR OUR CONGREGATION。〃 This was in view of the fact that Bishop Nitschmann； in ordaining Seifert； had empowered him to delegate another member to hold the Communion； baptize；
or perform the marriage ceremony in case of his sickness or necessary absence。 At that time the Moravian Church was just beginning to form her own ministry； the ranks of Deacon； Presbyter and Bishop were not fully organized； and the definite system was only established by the Tenth General Synod of the Church in 1745。 The exigencies of the case required large powers for a man serving in an isolated field； and they were given him； but strictly speaking； Seifert was only ordained a Deacon； and never was consecrated Bishop。
The fourth and last service of the day was given up to song； a discourse； and prayer。
On Sunday； March 11th； after morning prayers； Wesley went to Tybee for an interview with General Oglethorpe。 At a general gathering of the Moravians later in the day； the second chapter of Acts was read； with special reference to the last four verses； and the description of the first congregation of Christ's followers； when 〃all that believed were together； and had all things common；〃 was taken as the pattern of their 〃Gemeinschaft〃。 This plan； which had already been tested during the first year； proved so advantageous that it was later adopted by other American Moravian settlements； being largely responsible for their rapid growth during their early years； though in each case there came a time when it hindered further progress； and was therefore abandoned。 In religious matters； the organization of the Savannah Congregation had been modeled after that at Herrnhut； so far as possible； but in material things the circumstances were very different。 At Herrnhut the estates of Count Zinzendorf； under the able supervision of the Countess； were made to pay practically all the general Church expenses； and many of the members were in the service of the Saxon nobleman； Nicholas Lewis； Count Zinzendorf； in various humble positions； even while in the Church he divested himself of his rank and fraternized with them as social equals。 But the men who emigrated to Georgia had undertaken to support themselves and carry on a mission work； and Spangenberg； with his keen insight； grasped the idea that a common purpose warranted a community of service； the labor of all for the benefit of all； with every duty； no matter how menial； done as unto the Lord； whom they all； in varying degrees； acknowledged as their Master。 Later； in Bethlehem； Pa。； with a larger number of colonists； and wider interests to be subserved； Spangenberg again introduced the plan； and elaborated it into a more or less intricate system； which is described in a clear and interesting manner in 〃A History of Bethlehem〃； by Rt。 Rev。 J。 Mortimer Levering； which has recently been published。
Not only on account of its successor the 〃Oeconomie〃； at Bethlehem； and others copied therefrom； but in view of the various modern attempts which have been and are still being made to demonstrate that the action of the early Church at Jerusalem can be duplicated and made financially successful； it is worth while to rescue the resolutions of the Moravian Congregation at Savannah from the oblivion of the manuscript Diary； in which they have been so long concealed； noting the claim that this was the first time since Apostolic days； that a Congregation had formed itself into such a 〃Society〃； a 〃Gemeinschaft〃。
〃In our gathering we read Acts 2； and spoke of the ‘Gemeinschaft'； for we are planning to work； to sow and reap； and to suffer with one another。 This will be very useful； for many a man who has not understood or exerted himself； will by