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v。 61。 Nor。＇ 〃Not all the beauties of the terrestrial Paradise； in
which I was； were sufficient to allay my grief。〃
v。 85。 But。＇ They sang the thirty…first Psalm； to the end of the
eighth verse。
v。 87。 The living rafters。＇ The leafless woods on the Apennine。
v。 90。 The land whereon no shadow falls。＇ 〃When the wind blows；
from off Africa； where； at the time of the equinox； bodies being under the
equator cast little or no shadow； or； in other words； when the wind is
south。〃
v。 98。 The ice。＇ Milton has transferred this conceit； though scarcely
worth the pains of removing； into one of his Italian poems； son。
Canto XXXI
v。 3。 With lateral edge。＇ The words of Beatrice； when not addressed
directly to himself； but speaking to the angel of hell； Dante had thought
sufficiently harsh。
v。 39。 Counter to the edge。＇ 〃The weapons of divine justice are
blunted by the confession and sorrow of the offender。〃
v。 58。 Bird。＇ Prov。 c。 i。 17
v。 69。 From Iarbas' land。＇ The south。
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v。 71。 The beard。＇ 〃I perceived； that when she desired me to raise
my beard； instead of telling me to lift up my head； a severe reflection was
implied on my want of that wisdom which should accompany the age of
manhood。〃
v。 98。 Tu asperges me。＇ A prayer repeated by the priest at
sprinkling the holy water。
v。 106。 And in the heaven are stars。＇ See Canto I。 24。
v。 116。 The emeralds。＇ The eyes of Beatrice。
Canto XXXII
v。 2。 Their ten years' thirst。＇ Beatrice had been dead ten years。
v。 9。 Two fix'd a gaze。＇ The allegorical interpretation of Vellutello
whether it be considered as justly terrible from the text or not； conveys so
useful a lesson； that it deserves our notice。 〃The understanding is
sometimes so intently engaged in contemplating the light of divine truth in
the scriptures； that it becomes dazzled； and is made less capable of
attaining such knowledge； than if it had sought after it with greater
moderation〃
v。 39。 Its tresses。＇ Daniel； c。 iv。 10； &c。
v。 41。 The Indians。＇ Quos oceano proprior gerit India lucos。 Virg。
Georg。 1。 ii。 122； Such as at this day to Indians known。 Milton； P。 L。 b。 ix。
1102。
v。 51。 When large floods of radiance。＇ When the sun enters into
Aries； the constellation next to that of the Fish。
v。 63。 Th' unpitying eyes。＇ See Ovid； Met。 1。 i。 689。
v。 74。 The blossoming of that fair tree。＇ Our Saviour's
transfiguration。
v。 97。 Those lights。＇ The tapers of gold。
v。 101。 That true Rome。＇ Heaven。
v。 110。 The bird of Jove。＇ This； which is imitated from Ezekiel； c。
xvii。 3； 4。 appears to be typical of the persecutions which the church
sustained from the Roman Emperors。
v。 118。 A fox。＇ By the fox perhaps is represented the treachery of
the heretics。
v。 124。 With his feathers lin'd。＇。 An allusion to the donations made
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by the Roman Emperors to the church。
v。 130。 A dragon。＇ Probably Mahomet。
v。 136。 With plumes。＇ The donations before mentioned。
v。 142。 Heads。＇ By the seven heads； it is supposed with sufficient
probability； are meant the seven capital sins； by the three with two horns；
pride； anger； and avarice； injurious both to man himself and to his
neighbor： by the four with one horn； gluttony； lukewarmness；
concupiscence； and envy； hurtful； at least in their primary effects； chiefly
to him who is guilty of them。
v。 146。 O'er it。＇ The harlot is thought to represent the state of the
church under Boniface VIII and the giant to figure Philip IV of France。
v。 155。 Dragg'd on。＇ The removal of the Pope's residence from
Rome to Avignon is pointed at。
Canto XXXIII
v。 1。 The Heathen。＇ Psalm lxxix。 1。
v。 36。 Hope not to scare God's vengeance with a sop。＇ 〃Let not him
who hath occasioned the destruction of the church； that vessel which the
serpent brake； hope to appease the anger of the Deity by any outward acts
of religious； or rather superstitious； ceremony； such as was that； in our
poet's time； performed by a murderer at Florence； who imagined himself
secure from vengeance； if he ate a sop of bread in wine； upon the grave of
the person murdered； within the space of nine days。〃
v。 38。 That eagle。＇ He prognosticates that the Emperor of Germany
will not always continue to submit to the usurpations of the Pope； and
foretells the coming of Henry VII Duke of Luxembourg signified by the
numerical figures DVX； or； as Lombardi supposes； of Can Grande della
Scala； appointed the leader of the Ghibelline forces。 It is unnecessary to
point out the imitation of the Apocalypse in the manner of this prophecy。
v。 50。 The Naiads。＇ Dante； it is observed； has been led into a
mistake by a corruption in the text of Ovid's Metam。 I。 vii。 75； where
he found… Carmina Naiades non intellecta priorum；
instead of Carmina Laiades； &c。 as it has been since corrected。
Lombardi refers to Pansanias； where 〃the Nymphs〃 are spoken of as
expounders of oracles for a vindication of the poet's accuracy。 Should the
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reader blame me for not departing from the error of the original （if error it
be）； he may substitute
Events shall be the Oedipus will solve； &c。
v。 67。 Elsa's numbing waters。＇ The Elsa； a little stream； which
flows into the Arno about twenty miles below Florence； is said to possess
a petrifying quality。
v。 78。 That one brings home his staff inwreath'd with palm。＇ 〃For the
same cause that the pilgrim； returning from Palestine； brings home his
staff； or bourdon； bound with palm；〃 that is； to show where he has been。
Che si reca 'I bordon di palma cinto。
〃In regard to the word bourdon； why it has been applied to a pilgrim's
staff； it is not easy to guess。