按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
e its way to Montreal instead of to New York？ In 1810 a new committee was appointed and； though their report favored the paralleling of the course of the Mohawk and Oswego rivers； their engineer； James Geddes； gave strength to the party which believed a direct canal would best serve the interests of the State。 It is worth noting that Livingston and Fulton were added to the committee in 1811。
The hopes of outside aid from Congress and adjacent States met with disappointment。 In vain did the advocates of the canal in 1812 plead that its construction would promote 〃a free and general intercourse between different parts of the United States； tend to the aggrandizement and prosperity of the country； and consolidate and strengthen the Union。〃 The plan to have the Government subsidize the canal by vesting in the State of New York four million acres of Michigan land brought out a protest from the West which is notable not so much because it records the opposition of this section as because it illustrates the shortsightedness of most of the arguments raised against the New York enterprise。 The purpose of the canal； the detractors asserted； was to build up New York City to the detriment of Montreal； and the navigation of Lake Ontario； whose beauty they touchingly described； was to be abandoned for a 〃narrow； winding obstructed canal。。。for an expense which arithmetic dares not approach。〃 It was； in their minds； unquestionably a selfish object； and they believed that 〃both correct science； and the dictates of patriotism and philanthropy ＇should＇ lead to the adoption of more liberal principles。〃 It was a shortsighted object； 〃predicated on the eternal adhesion of the Canadas to England。〃 It would never give satisfaction since trade would always ignore artificial and seek natural routes。 The attempting of such comparatively useless projects would discourage worthy schemes； relax the bonds of Union； and depress the national character。 But though these Westerners thus misjudged the possibilities of the Erie Canal； we must doff our hats to them for their foresight in suggesting that； instead of aiding the Erie Canal； the nation ought to build canals at Niagara Falls and Panama！
The War of 1812 suspended all talk of the canal； but the subject was again brought up by Judge Platt in the autumn of 1816。 With alacrity strong men came to the aid of the measure。 De Witt Clinton's Memorial of 1816 addressed to the State Legislature may well rank with Washington's letter to Harrison in the documentary history of American commercial development。 It sums up the geographical position of New York with reference to the Great Lakes and the Atlantic； her relationship to the West and to Canada； the feasibility of the proposed route from an engineering standpoint； the timeliness of the moment for such a work of improvement； the value that the canal would give to the state lands of the interior； and the trade that it would bring to the towns along its pathway。
The Erie Canal was born in the Act of April 14； 1817； but the decision of the Council of Revision； which held the power of veto； was in doubt。 An anecdote related by Judge Platt tends to prove that fear of another war with England was the straw that broke the camel's back of opposition。 Acting…Governor Taylor； Chief Justice Thompson； Chancellor Kent； Judge Yates； and Judge Platt composed the Council。 The two first named were open opponents of the measure； Kent； Yates； and Platt were warm advocates of the project； but one of them doubted if the time was ripe to undertake it。
Taylor opposed the canal on the ground that the late treaty with England was a mere truce and that the resources of the State should be husbanded against renewed war。
〃Do you think so； Sir？〃 Chancellor Kent is said to have asked the Governor。
〃Yes； Sir；〃 was the reported reply。 〃England will never forgive us for our victories； and； my word for it； we shall have another war with her within two years。〃
The Chancellor rose to his feet with determination and sealed the fate of the great enterprise in a word。
〃If we must have war；〃 he exclaimed； 〃I am in favor of the canal and I cast my vote for this bill。〃
On July 4； 1817； work was formally inaugurated at Rome with simple ceremonies。 Thus the year 1817 was marked by three great undertakings： the navigation of the Mississippi River upstream and down by steamboats； the opening of the national road across the Alleghany Mountains； and the beginning of the Erie Canal。 No single year in the early history of the United States witnessed three such important events in the material progress of the country。
What days the ancient 〃Long House of the Iroquois〃 now saw！ The engineers of the Cumberland Road； now nearing the Ohio River； had enjoyed the advantage of many precedents and examples； but the Commissioners of the Erie Canal had been able to study only such crude examples of canal…building as America then afforded。 Never on any continent had such an inaccessible region been pierced by such a highway。 The total length of the whole network of canals in Great Britain did not equal that of the waterway which the New Yorkers now undertook to build。 The lack of roads； materials； vehicles； methods of drilling and efficient business systems was overcome by sheer patience and perseverance in experiment。 The frozen winter roads saved the day by making it possible to accumulate a proper supply of provisions and materials。 As tools of construction； the plough and scraper with their greater capacity for work soon supplanted the shovel and the wheelbarrow； which had been the chief implements for such construction in Europe。 Strange new machinery born of Mother Necessity was now heard groaning in the dark swamps of New York。 These giants； worked by means of a cable； wheel； and endless screw； were made to hoist green stumps bodily from the ground and； without the use of axe； to lay trees prostrate； root and branch。 A new plough was fashioned with which a yoke of oxen could cut roots two inches in thickness well beneath the surface of the ground。
Handicaps of various sorts wore the patience of commissioners； engineers； and contractors。 Lack of snow during one winter all but stopped the work by cutting off the source of supplies。 Pioneer ailments； such as fever and ague； reaped great harvests； incapacitated more than a thousand workmen at one time and for a brief while stopped work completely。
For the most part； however； work was carried on simultaneously on all the three great links or sections into which the enterprise was divided。 Local contractors were given preference by the commissioners； and three…fourths of the work was done by natives of the State。 Forward up the Mohawk by Schenectady and Utica to Rome； thence bending southward to Syracuse； and from there by way of Clyde； Lyons； and Palmyra； the canal made its way to the giant viaduct over the Genesee River at Rochester。 Keeping close to the summit level on the dividing ridge between Lake Ontario streams and the Valley of the Tonawanda； the line ran to Lockport； where a series of locks placed the canal on the Lake Erie level； 365 miles from and 564 feet above Albany。 By June； 1823； the canal was completed from Rochester to