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But 1913 was a strenuous year。 The labour troubles revived； the suffragette movement increased greatly in violence and aggressiveness； and there sprang up no less than three ecclesiastical scandals in the diocese。 First； the Kensitites set themselves firmly to make presentations and prosecutions against Morrice Deans； who was reserving the sacrament； wearing； they said； 〃Babylonish garments；〃 going beyond all reason in the matter of infant confession； and generally brightening up Mogham Banks； next； a popular preacher in Wombash； published a book under the exasperating title； 〃The Light Under the Altar；〃 in which he showed himself as something between an Arian and a Pantheist； and treated the dogma of the Trinity with as little respect as one would show to an intrusive cat； while thirdly； an obscure but overworked missioner of a tin mission church in the new working…class district at Pringle； being discovered in some sort of polygamous relationship； had seen fit to publish in pamphlet form a scandalous admission and defence； a pamphlet entitled 〃Marriage True and False；〃 taking the public needlessly into his completest confidence and quoting the affairs of Abraham and Hosea； reviving many points that are better forgotten about Luther； and appealing also to such uncanonical authorities as Milton； Plato； and John Humphrey Noyes。 This abnormal concurrence of indiscipline was extremely unlucky for the bishop。 It plunged him into strenuous controversy upon three fronts； so to speak； and involved a great number of personal encounters far too vivid for his mental serenity。
The Pringle polygamist was the most moving as Morrice Deans was the most exacting and troublesome and the Wombash Pantheist the most insidiously destructive figure in these three toilsome disputes。 The Pringle man's soul had apparently missed the normal distribution of fig…leaves； he was an illiterate； open…eyed； hard…voiced； freckled； rational…minded creature； with large expository hands； who had come by a side way into the church because he was an indefatigable worker； and he insisted upon telling the bishop with an irrepressible candour and completeness just exactly what was the matter with his intimate life。 The bishop very earnestly did not want these details； and did his utmost to avoid the controversial questions that the honest man pressed respectfully but obstinately upon him。
〃Even St。 Paul； my lord； admitted that it is better to marry than burn；〃 said the Pringle misdemeanant； 〃and here was I； my lord； married and still burning！〃 and； 〃I think you would find； my lord； considering all Charlotte's peculiarities； that the situation was really much more trying than the absolute celibacy St。 Paul had in view。〃。。。
The bishop listened to these arguments as little as possible； and did not answer them at all。 But afterwards the offender came and wept and said he was ruined and heartbroken and unfairly treated because he wasn't a gentleman； and that was distressing。 It was so exactly trueand so inevitable。 He had been deprived； rather on account of his voice and apologetics than of his offence； and public opinion was solidly with the sentence。 He made a gallant effort to found what he called a Labour Church in Pringle； and after some financial misunderstandings departed with his unambiguous menage to join the advanced movement on the Clyde。
The Morrice Deans enquiry however demanded an amount of erudition that greatly fatigued the bishop。 He had a very fair general knowledge of vestments； but he had never really cared for anything but the poetry of ornaments； and he had to work strenuously to master the legal side of the question。 Whippham； his chaplain； was worse than useless as a helper。 The bishop wanted to end the matter as quickly； quietly； and favourably to Morrice Deans as possible； he thought Morrice Deans a thoroughly good man in his parish； and he believed that the substitution of a low churchman would mean a very complete collapse of church influence in Mogham Banks； where people were now thoroughly accustomed to a highly ornate service。 But Morrice Deans was intractable and his pursuers indefatigable； and on several occasions the bishop sat far into the night devising compromises and equivocations that should make the Kensitites think that Morrice Deans wasn't wearing vestments when he was； and that should make Morrice Deans think he was wearing vestments when he wasn't。 And it was Whippham who first suggested green tea as a substitute for coffee； which gave the bishop indigestion； as his stimulant for these nocturnal bouts。
Now green tea is the most lucid of poisons。
And while all this extra activity about Morrice Deans； these vigils and crammings and writings down； were using all and more energy than the bishop could well spare； he was also doing his quiet utmost to keep 〃The Light under the Altar〃 ease from coming to a head。
This man he hated。
And he dreaded him as well as hated him。 Chasters； the author of 〃The Light under the Altar；〃 was a man who not only reasoned closely but indelicately。 There was a demonstrating； jeering； air about his preaching and writing； and everything he said and did was saturated by the spirit of challenge。 He did not so much imitate as exaggerate the style of Matthew Arnold。 And whatever was done publicly against him would have to be done very publicly because his book had got him a London reputation。
From the bishop's point of view Chasters was one of nature's ignoblemen。 He seemed to have subscribed to the Thirty…Nine Articles and passed all the tests and taken all the pledges that stand on the way to ordination； chiefly for the pleasure of attacking them more successfully from the rear； he had been given the living of Wombash by a cousin； and filled it very largely because it was not only more piquant but more remunerative and respectable to be a rationalist lecturer in a surplice。 And in a hard kind of ultra…Protestant way his social and parochial work was not badly done。 But his sermons were terrible。 〃He takes a text；〃 said one informant； 〃and he goes on firstly； secondly； thirdly； fourthly； like somebody tearing the petals from a flower。 'Finally；' he says； and throws the bare stalk into the dustbin。〃
The bishop avoided 〃The Light under the Altar〃 for nearly a year。 It was only when a second book was announced with the winning title of 〃The Core of Truth in Christianity〃 that he perceived he must take action。 He sat up late one night with a marked copy； a very indignantly marked copy； of the former work that an elderly colonel； a Wombash parishioner； an orthodox Layman of the most virulent type； had sent him。 He perceived that he had to deal with a dialectician of exceptional ability； who had concentrated a quite considerable weight of scholarship upon the task of explaining away every scrap of spiritual significance in the Eucharist。 From Chasters the bishop was driven by reference to the works of Legge and Frazer； and for the first time he began to measure the dimensions and power of the modern criticism of church doctrine and observance。 Green tea should have lit his way to refutation； instead it lit up the whole inquiry with a light of melancholy confirmation。 Neither by night nor