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the sight of these groups of strange； frantic vagabonds。 Everybody
closed their houses 。 。 。 。 When I reached home； in the Saint…
Denis quarter； several of these brigands caused great alarm by
firing off guns in the air。〃
＇40＇ Dusaulx； 379。
＇41＇ Dusaulx； 359； 360； 361； 288； 336。 〃 In effect their entreaties
resembled commands； and； more than once； it was impossible to resist
them。〃
＇42＇ Dusaulx； 447 （Deposition of the invalides）。 〃Revue
Rétrospective；〃 IV。 282 （Narrative of the commander of the thirty…
two Swiss Guards）。
＇43＇ Marmontel； IV。 317。
＇44＇ Dusaulx； 454。 〃The soldiers replied that they would accept
whatever happened rather than cause the destruction of so great a
number of their fellow…citizens。〃
＇45＇ Dusaulx； 447。 The number of combatants； maimed； wounded； dead；
and living； is 825。 Marmontel； IV。 320。 〃To the number of
victors； which has been carried up to 800； people have been added
who were never near the place。〃
＇46＇ 〃Memoires〃； by PASQUIER （Etienne…Dennis； duc； 1767…1862）；
chancelier de France。 in VI volumes； Librarie Plon； Paris 1893。
Vol。 I。 p。52。 Pasquier was eye…witness。 He leaned against the fence
of the Beaumarchais garden and looked on； with mademoiselle Contat；
the actress； at his side； who had left her carriage in the Place…
Royale。 Marat； 〃L'ami du peuple；〃 No。 530。 〃When an unheard…of
conjunction of circumstances had caused the fall of the badly
defended walls of the Bastille； under the efforts of a handful of
soldiers and a troop of unfortunate creatures； most of them Germans
and almost all provincials； the Parisians presented themselves the
fortress； curiosity alone having led them there。〃
＇47＇ Narrative of the commander of the thirty…two Swiss。
Narrative of Cholat； wine…dealer； one of the victors。
Examination of Desnot （who cut off the head of M。 de Launay）。
＇48＇ Montjoie； part 3； 85。 Dusaulx； 355； 287； 368。
＇49＇ Nothing more。 No Witness states that he had seen the pretended
note to M。 do Launay。 According to Dusaulx； he could not have had
either the time or the means to write it。
＇50＇ Bailly； II。 32； 74； 88； 90； 95； 108； 117； 137； 158； 174。 〃I
gave orders which were neither obeyed nor listened to。 。 。 。
They gave me to understand that I was not safe。〃 （July 15th。） 〃In
these sad times one enemy and one calumnious report sufficed to
excite the multitude。 All who had formerly held power； all who had
annoyed or restrained the insurrectionists； were sure of being
arrested。〃
＇51＇ M。 de Lafayette； 〃Mémoires；〃 III。 264。 Letter of July 16th；
1789。 〃I have already saved the lives of six persons whom they were
hanging in different quarters。〃
＇52＇ Poujoulat。 〃Histoire de la Révolution Fran？aise；〃 p。100 （with
supporting documents）。 Procès…verbaux of the Provincial Assembly；
lle…de…France （1787）； p。127。
＇53＇ For instance： 〃He is severe with his peasants。〃 〃He gives
them no bread； and he wants them then to eat grass。〃 〃He wants them
to eat grass like horses。〃 〃He has said that they could very well
eat hay； and that they are no better than horses。〃 The same story
is found in many of the contemporary jacqueries。
＇54＇ Bailly； II。 108。 〃The people； less enlightened and as
imperious as despots； recognize no positive signs of good
administration but success。〃
＇55＇ Bailly； II； 108； 95。 … Malouet； II； 14。
＇56＇ De Ferrières； I。 168。
CHAPTER III。
I。
Anarchy from July 14th to October 6th； 1789。 … Destruction of the
Government。 … To whom does real power belong？
However bad a particular government may be； there is something still
worse； and that is the suppression of all government。 For； it is
owing to government that human wills form a harmony instead of
chaos。 It serves society as the brain serves a living being。
Incapable； inconsiderate； extravagant； engrossing； it often abuses
its position； overstraining or misleading the body for which it
should care； and which it should direct。 But； taking all things
into account； whatever it may do； more good than harm is done； for
through it the body stands erect； marches on and guides its steps。
Without it there is no organized deliberate action； serviceable to
the whole body。 In it alone do we find the comprehensive views；
knowledge of the members of which it consists and of their aims； an
idea of outward relationships； full and accurate information； in
short； the superior intelligence which conceives what is best for
the common interests； and adapts means to ends。 If it falters and
is no longer obeyed； if it is forced and pushed from without by a
violent pressure； it ceases to control public affairs； and the
social organization retrogrades by many steps。 Through the
dissolution of society； and the isolation of individuals； each man
returns to his original feeble state； while power is vested in
passing aggregates that like whirlwinds spring up from the human
dust。 One may divine how this power； which the most competent
find it difficult to apply properly； is exercised by bands of men
springing out of nowhere。 It is a matter of supplies； of their
possessions； price and distribution。 It is a matter of taxes； its
proportion； apportionment and collection； of private property； its
varieties； rights； and limitations It is a problem of public
authority； its allocation and its limits； of all those delicate
cogwheels which； working into each other； constitute the great
economic； social； and political machine。 Each band in its own
canton lays its rude hands on the wheels within its reach。 They
wrench or break them haphazardly； under the impulse of the moment；
heedless and indifferent to consequences； even when the reaction of
to…morrow crushes them in the ruin that they cause to day。 Thus do
unchained Negroes； each pulling and hauling his own way； undertake
to manage a ship of which they have just obtained mastery。 In
such a state of things white men are hardly worth more than black
ones。 For； not only is the band； whose aim is violence； composed of
those who are most destitute； most wildly enthusiastic； and most
inclined to destructiveness and to license。 But also； as this band
tumultuously carries out its violent action； each individual the
most brutal； the most irrational； and most corrupt； descends lower
than himself； even to the darkness； the madness； and the savagery of
the dregs of society。 In fact； a man who in the interchange of
blows； would resist the excitement of murder； and not use his
strength like a savage； must be familiar with arms。 He must be
accustomed to danger； be cool…blooded； alive to the sentiment of
honor； and above all； sensitive to that stern military code which；
to the imagination of the soldier； ever holds out to him the
provost's gibbet to which he is sure to rise； should he strike one
blow too many。 Should all these restraints； inward as well as
outward； be wanting