the maintenance of free trade-第16章

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ch　giveth　life。　This　Valuation　is　twofold；　the　one　by　the　Publicke　Authority　of　Kings　and　Princes；　the　other　by　the　Merchants　in　the　course　of　exchange；　and　this　is　Predominant　and　over…ruleth　the　Kings　Valuation：　for　when　the　King　hath　valued　the　shilling　piece　of　Starlin　money　at　12　pence；　they　doe　undervalue　the　same　at　11　pence　halfe　pennie；　or　11　pence；　which　undervaluation　causeth　the　continuall　exportation　of　our　moneys；　and　is　the　hindrerance　of　importation　of　moneys　and　Bullion；　as　wee　have　so　often　inculcated；　to　make　the　motive　stronger　to　produce　a　sufficient　Remedy；　as　followeth。


Chapter　V

Of　the　Remedie；　for　all　the　former　causes　of　Decay　of　Trade。

　　　　　Having　hitherto　observed　the　Methode　of　the　said　Author；　inpart　of　his　Distribution　in　the　matter　and　forme　of　Trade；　and　therein　shewed　very　great　deformities：　I　am　now　to　apply　the　True　Remedies　likewise　in　order；　according　to　the　cuases　alleaged；　which　are　noted　by　me　to　be　tenne　in　number。　　　　　　The　Efficient　cause　of　the　Transformation　of　our　Moneys　is　（Gaine）；　and　this　Gaine　ariseth　by　the　undervaluing　of　our　moneys；　in　regard　of　the　inhauncing　and　overvaluation　of　forraine　Coyne；　so　that　the　cause　is　Extrinsike　&　comprised　under　the　said　exchange　of　moneys；　andnot　intrinsicke；　in　the　weight　and　fineness　of　the　Coyne；　which　are　considered　in　the　course　of　True　exchange　betweene　us；　and　forraine　Nations；　and　thereupon　it　followeth；　that　neither　difference　of　weight；　finenesse　of　Standard；　proportion　betweeen　Gold　and　Sivler；　or　th　proper　valuation　of　moneys；　can　be　any　ture　causes　of　the　exportation　of　our　moneys；　so　long　as　a　due　course　is　held　in　exchange；　which　is　founded　thereupon。　　　　　　Hence　ariseth　the　facilitie　of　the　Remedie；　by　the　Reformation　of　exchange；　in　causing　the　value　of　our　money　to　be　given　in　exchange；　which　cutteth　off　the　said　Gaine；　had　by　the　said　exportation；　and　causeth　（in　effect）　that　the　forraine　Coyne　beyond　the　Seas；　shall　not　be　received　above　the　value；　although　the　inhauncing　therefore；　or　the　imbasing　by　allay　were　altering　continually。　For　take　away　the　cause　（Gayne）　and　the　effect　will　cease。　　　　　　All　men　of　common　understanding；　when　they　doe　heare　of　the　raising　of　moneys　beyond　the　Seas；　are　ready　to　say；　we　must　doe　the　like；　for　they　conceive　the　saying　of　Cato；　Tu　quoque　fac　similie；　sic　Ars　deluditur　Arte；　to　be　a　proper　application　hereunto：　but　they　doe　not　enter　into　consideration；　what　Altherations　it　would　bring　to　the　State；　and　that　the　matter　might　runne；　Ad　infinitum；　as　shall　be　declared。　　　　　　But　let　us　suppose；　that　this　will　be　a　sufficient　Remedy；　to　inhaunce　our　moneys；　as　they　doe　theirs；　to　imbase　our　Coyne；　as　they　doe　theirs；　and　to　imitate　overvaluation　and　undervaluation　of　Gold　and　Silver；　as　they　doe；　requiring　a　continuall　laboure；　charge；　and　innovation；　is　it　not　an　excellent　thing　that　all　this　can　be　done　by　the　course　of　exchange；　with　great　facilitie？　And　that　without　inhauncing　of　our　moneys　at　home；　or　medling　with　the　weight　and　finenesse　of　the　Starlin　Standard？　　　　　　This　is　to　be　done　only　by　his　Majesties　Proclamation　according　to　the　Statutes　of　exchanges；　prohibiting　that　after　three　moneths　next　ensuing　the　same；　no　man　shall　make　any　exchanges　by　Bills　or　otherwise；　for　moneys　to　bee　paied　in　forraine　parts；　or　to　be　recharged　towards　this　Realme　under　the　true　Par；　or　value　for　value　of　our　moneys；　and　the　moneys　of　other　Countries　in　weight　and　finenesse；　but　at　the　said　Rate；　or　above　the　same；　as　Merchants　can　agree；　but　never　under　the　said　Rate：　which　shall　be　declared　in　a　paire　of　Tables　publikely　to　be　seene　upon　the　Royall　Exchanges　in　London；　according　to　the　said　Proclamation；　and　the　said　Table　shall　be　altered　in　price；　as　occasions　shall　be　ministred　beyond　the　Seas；　in　the　generall　Respective　places　of　exchanges；　either　by　their　inhauncing　of　moneys　by　valuation；　or　by　imbasing　of　the　same　by　Allay；　which　by　a　vigilant　eye　may　be　observed；　and　will　be　a　cause　to　make　othr　Nations　more　constant　in　the　course　of　their　moneys。　And　this　will　be　executed　more　or　course；　then　by　Authority；　becuase　Gaine　doth　beare　sway　and　command　with　most　men。　　　　　　The　facilitie　hereof　putteth　me　in　minde　of　the　Geometricall　Axiom　or　Maxime；　observed　in　commedation　of　the　invention　of　round　Wheeles；　Circulus　tangit　Planum；　unico　puncta；　as　a　reason　to　draw　and　carry　Loads　with　a　small　strength；　whereas　if　they　had　been　made　square；　or　any　other　Poly…angle　and　proportion：　Forty　horses　would　not　so　easily　draw　them；　being　laden；　as　two　doth　now；　both　with　speed　and　ease。　Unto　which　this　Remedie　may　bee　aptly　compared；　which　（in　a　manner）　comprehendeth　all　the　other　Remedies。　　　　　　For　the　Merchant　Stranger；　being　here　the　Deliverer　of　money　generally：　will　easily　bee　induced　to　make　the　most　of　his　owne；　receiving　by　exchange　more　for　the　same　beyond　the　Seas；　and　the　English　Merchant　being　the　Taker　of　the　said　moneys；　will　not　bee　so　injurious　to　the　State；　as　to　give　lesse　beyond　the　Seas；　then　the　value　of　the　money　of　the　Realme　in　exchange；　contrarie　to　the　said　Proclamation：　and　if　hee　would；　the　Deliverer　will　not　let　thim　have　it。　Besides　that　the　Takers　occasions　are　enforced　by　necesssitie；　and　he　can　be　no　loser；　for　by　this　directio；　he　will　sell　his　Commodities　beyond　the　Seas　accordingly。　　　　　　English　Merchants　being　the　Deliverers　of　money　beyond　the　Seas；　and　the　price　of　exchange　altering　there　accordingly；　will　have　the　like　consideration；　and　the　Merchant　Stranger　will　provoke　him　thereunto。　And　if　there　be　no　Takers；　the　English　Merchant　may　bring　over　the　money　in　specie；　wherein　he　shall　become　a　Gayner。　　　　　　This　course　is　agreeable　to　Justice　and　the　Law　of　Nations；　and　will　not　hinder　th'exchange　to　rise　and　fall　as　formerly；　but　keepe　all　in　due　order；　with　those　considerations；　Cautions　and　preventions　as　shall　be　set　downe　to　prevent　all　inconveniences；　proceeding　by　the　inhauncing　of　money；　which　fall　generally　upon　all　men；　in　the　indearing　of　things；　and　particularly　upon　Land…　lords　and　Creditours　in　their　Rents　and　Contracts；　and　especially　upon　the　Kings　Majesties　Lands。　　　　　　Now　before　we　come　to　answer　some　objections　made　against　this　Remedie；　let　us　examine　what　Time　the　old　observer；　and　experience　the　best　Schoole…master　of　mans　life；　have　manifestly　touching　the　Raising　of　moneys　in　forraine　parts；　and　within　the　Realme；　it　being　one　of　the　34　defective　remedies　before　declared。　　　　　　It　is　recorded　in　an　ancient　booke；　that　the　inhauncing　of　the　Coynes　beyond　the　Seas；　was　the　cause　that　King　Henry　the　sixt　of　England；　did　raise　the　ounce　of　Starlin　Silver　from　20　pence　to　30　pence：　and　King　Edward　the　fourth　from　30　pence　to　40　pence。　And　after　him　King　Henry　the　eight；　after　many　sendings　to　forraine　Princes　about　Minte　affairs　and　exchanges；　（preceiving　the　price　of　money　continually　to　rise　beyond　the　Seas：）　caused　in　the　18　yeere　of　his　Raigne；　The　Angell　Noble　to　be　valued　from　6　shillings　8　pence；　unto　seven　shillings　and　four　pence；　and　presently　after　to　7　shillings　6　pence；　whereby　every　ounce　of　Starlin　Silver　was　worth　45　pence：　and　yet　there　was　nothing　effected　thereby；　the　money　still　altering　beyond　the　Seas；　whereupon　C