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（sometimes pendent from rocks and as much as 200 cm。 long） and 2。5 to 5
cm。 in diameter； the whole plant glaucous： tubercles elongated…conical；
ascending； 10 to 12 mm。 long； with woolly axils： radial spines 7 to 10；
straight； rigid and sharp； 9 to 15 mm。 long； dark reddish when young；
becoming ashy； the upper ones the longer； the solitary central much longer
（20 to 30 mm。）； almost black below and with reddish tip； becoming ashy
with age； usually hooked downwards： flowers numerous； 2。5 to 3。5 cm。
long； bright scarlet： fruit obovate to globose； scarlet； 6 to 9 mm。 in
diameter； fleshy： seeds black and pitted。Type in Herb。 Calif。 Acad。
Apparently common at low elevations throughout southern Lower
California； especially the eastern side。
Specimens examined： Lower California （W。 M。 Gabb 17 of 1867； near
Loreto； Brandegee of 1889； at San Gregorio； Palmer 139 of 1890； near La
Paz； Palmer 880 of 1890； on Carmen Island； Brandegee 241 of 1890； at
Rancho Colorado）。
One of the most showy species of Lower California。The plant has the
appearance of a Coryphanth； and is remarkable for its tall and slender
habit； its large central hooks； and its globose fruit。Since 1867 this species
has been in Herb。 Engelmann； fully characterized as above under the very
appropriate specific name longihamatus。
24。 Cactus setispinus； sp。 nov。
Mamillaria SetispinaEngelm。 Mss。
Fasciculate and ascending； simple or branched at base； the stems about
30 cm。 high and 3 to 6 cm。 in diameter； densely covered with remarkably
long stout spines： tubercles short and broadly conical； with axillary wool：
spines white。 with black tips； radials 10 to 12； widely spreading； very
unequal； 10 to 34 mm。 long； slender and flexuous； central spines 1 to 4；
more rigid and much longer （20 to 50 mm。）； the upper ones straight； the
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North American Species of Cactus
lowest one longest and hooked （usually upwards） and often variously
curved and twisted： fruit obovate and scarlet 30 mm。 long： seeds； black
and pitted。Type； Gabb 15 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
Rocky or gravelly soil； San Julio Canyon。 and in the vicinity of San
Borgia； Lower California。
Specimens examined： Lower California （W。 M。 Gabb 15 of 1867； at
San Borgia； Brandegee of 1889； from San Borgia and San Julio Canyon）。
In his notes Mr。 Gabb describes the flower as 〃large； 3 to 3。5 inches
long； bell…shaped； of a beautiful purplish red color；〃 concerning which Dr。
Engelmann remarks 〃this would indicate a Coryphanth； but the tubercles
show no trace of a groove； and； moreover； a withered remnant of a flower
laterally attached （say 18 to 20 mm。 long）； so that I have no doubt that Mr。
Gabb's statement is founded on some error。〃It is very probable that the
flowers are scarlet and larger than Dr。 Engelmann suggests。The species is
closely allied to C。 roseanus； but differs in its shorter tubercles and much
longer spines。About a dozen stems rise in a clump； about a foot high；
covering an area of 2 or 3 feet。These two species represent a very distinct
Lower Californian group of cylindrical and hooked Eumamillarias。Both
probably have showy scarlet flowers and may attain considerable length
when growing upon rock ledges so as to become pendent。The specimens
of C。 setispinus from San Julio Canyon are from younger parts and show
but a single long and hooked central。The San Borgia specimens show
mostly 3 or 4 centrals； the lowest one hooked and becoming remarkably
long and often variously twisted and curved。However； I can discover no
difference except such as may be due to age。
＋＋ Central spines present and not hooked。＋ Central spines more than
one； longer than the radials； whichare numerous； white and slender
（capillary or bristle…like）（rigid in C。 Halei）。
25。 Cactus halei （Brandegee）。
Mamillaria haleiBrandegee； Proc。 Calif。 Acad。 Sci Scr。 2。 ii。 161
（1889）。
Stems cylindrical； 8 to 10 in a clump； about 30 cm。 high and 5 to 7。5
cm。 in diameter： tubercles short； with axillary wool： radial spines 10 to 22；
rigid and erect…spreading； unequal； 6 to 15 mm。 long； central spines
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North American Species of Cactus
numerous and erect…spreading； 1 to 3 of them very stout and prominent
（25 to 35 mm。 long）； all the spines straight； at first reddish…brown；
becoming yellowish and ashy； more or less dark…tipped： flowers 2。5 cm。
long； bright scarlet （almost throughout）： fruit 12 mm； long； clavate and red：
seeds black and pitted。 （Ill。 l。 c。 t。 6）Type in Herb。 Calif。 Acad。
Abundant on Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands； western coast of
Lower California。Fl。 January。
Specimens examined： Lower California （Brandegee of 1889； on
Magdalena Island）。
The tubercles are so close together that the plant appears thickly
covered with the unusually stout and erect…spreading straight spines； a few
of the centrals being specially prominent。 The plant is more slender than
the ordinary 〃cylindrical〃 members of the genus； but stouter than the
slender hooked forms of the preceding section。
26。 Cactus rhodanthus （Link & Otto） Kuntze； Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261
（1891）。
Mamillaria rhodanthaLink & Otto； Icon。 t。 26 （1828…31） Mamillaria
laniferaHaw。 Phil。 Mag。 lxiii。； 41 （）； notSalm…Dyck （1850）。
Oblong or subcylindric； 30 cm。 or more high； 7。5 to 10 cm。 in diameter；
often forking from the middle： tubercles conical； 12 mm。 long； 8 mm。 in
diameter； with woolly axils： radial spines 16 to 20； bristle…like； white； the
lower longer （8 to 10 mm。）； central spines 6 or 7； rigid； whitish with black
tip； 12 mm。 long： flowers rose color； 12 mm。 in diameter： fruit 2。5 cm。
long； cylindrical。 （Ill。 l。 c。）Type unknown。
Referred to Mexico in general； but reported as yet from San Luis
Potosi to southern Mexico。Fl。 profusely all summer。
Specimens examined： San Luis Potosi （Bourgeau 47； Pringle 3679；
Eschanzier of 1891）： also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
The specimens of Bourgeau and Pringle have somewhat larger spines
than the type； as indicated by the description。