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portion； and in the coalescence of the enlarged tubercles into broad
vertical ribs。In fact； in young specimens； the plant appears almost smooth；
with shallow furrows radiating from the depressed apex。The genus differs
from Echinocactus in the suppression of the spine…bearing areolae； and the
naked ovary。In the examination of developing tubercles the relation to
Anhalonium is evident。In the latter genus the young tubercle bears on the
summit of its pedicel…like lower portion the tufted flower…bearing areola
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North American Species of Cactus
the modified upper portion of the tubercle at that time appearing as a bract
beneath the flower。In Lophophora there is the same condition of things；
except that the bract…like upper portion is wanting。From this point of view
it would appear that the differences between Lophophora and
Echinocactus are intensified by the fact that the flower…bearing areola in
the former genus is to be regarded as really lateral on a tubercle the upper
part of which has disappeared。This genus occurs abundantly in
southeastern Texas； extending southward into Mexico。Mrs。 A。 B。 Nickels
reports that the Indians use the plants in manufacturing an intoxicating
drink； also for 〃breaking fevers；〃 and that the tops cut off and dried are
called 〃mescal buttons。〃
1。 Lophophora williamsii（Lem）。
Echinocactus williamsiiLem。 Allg。 Gart。 Zeit。 xiii。 385 （1845）。
Anhalonium williamsiiLem。 in Forst Handb。 Cact。 i。 233 （1846）。
Hemispherical； from a very thick root； often densely proliferous；
transversely lined below by the remains of withered tubercles： ribs usually
8 （in young specimens often 6）； very broad； gradually merging above into
the distinct nascent tubercles which are crowned with somewhat delicate
penicellate tufts； which become rather inconspicuous pulvilli on the ribs：
flowers small； whitish to rose： stigmas 4。（Ill。 Bot。 Mag。 t。 4296）Type
unknown。
Along the Lower Rio Grande； Texas； and extending southward into
San Luis Potosi and southern Mexico。
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