°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
from¡¡Nuevo¡¡Reyno¡¡de¡¡Granada£»¡¡where¡¡he¡¡dwelt£»¡¡having¡¡the¡¡inheritance¡¡of¡¡
Gonzalez¡¡¡¡¡¡Ximenes¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡parts£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡followed¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡700¡¡¡¡¡¡horse£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡
drove¡¡with¡¡him¡¡1£»000¡¡head¡¡of¡¡cattle£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡also¡¡many¡¡women£»¡¡Indians£»¡¡
and¡¡slaves¡£¡¡How¡¡all¡¡these¡¡rivers¡¡cross¡¡and¡¡encounter£»¡¡how¡¡the¡¡country¡¡lieth¡¡
and¡¡is¡¡bordered£»¡¡the¡¡passage¡¡of¡¡Ximenes¡¡and¡¡Berreo£»¡¡mine¡¡own¡¡discovery£»¡¡
and¡¡the¡¡way¡¡that¡¡I¡¡entered£»¡¡with¡¡all¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nations¡¡and¡¡rivers£»¡¡your¡¡
lordship¡¡shall¡¡receive¡¡in¡¡a¡¡large¡¡chart¡¡or¡¡map£»¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡finished£»¡¡
and¡¡which¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡most¡¡humbly¡¡pray¡¡your¡¡lordship¡¡to¡¡secrete£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡to¡¡
suffer¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡pass¡¡¡¡¡¡your¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡hands£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡draught¡¡¡¡¡¡thereof¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
prevented¡¡by¡¡other¡¡nations£»¡¡for¡¡I¡¡know¡¡it¡¡is¡¡this¡¡very¡¡year¡¡sought¡¡by¡¡the¡¡
French£»¡¡although¡¡by¡¡the¡¡way¡¡that¡¡they¡¡now¡¡take£»¡¡I¡¡fear¡¡it¡¡not¡¡much¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡
also¡¡¡¡¡¡told¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡ere¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡departed¡¡¡¡¡¡England£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡Villiers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Admiral£»¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
preparation¡¡for¡¡the¡¡planting¡¡of¡¡Amazons£»¡¡to¡¡which¡¡river¡¡the¡¡French¡¡have¡¡
made¡¡divers¡¡voyages£»¡¡and¡¡returned¡¡much¡¡gold¡¡and¡¡other¡¡rarities¡£¡¡I¡¡spake¡¡
with¡¡a¡¡captain¡¡of¡¡a¡¡French¡¡ship¡¡that¡¡came¡¡from¡¡thence£»¡¡his¡¡ship¡¡riding¡¡in¡¡
Falmouth¡¡the¡¡same¡¡year¡¡that¡¡my¡¡ships¡¡came¡¡first¡¡from¡¡Virginia£»¡¡there¡¡was¡¡
another¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡year¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Helford£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡came¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡thence£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡
fourteen¡¡months¡¡at¡¡an¡¡anchor¡¡in¡¡Amazons£»¡¡which¡¡were¡¡both¡¡very¡¡rich¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Although£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡am¡¡persuaded£»¡¡Guiana¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡entered¡¡that¡¡way£»¡¡yet¡¡
no¡¡doubt¡¡the¡¡trade¡¡of¡¡gold¡¡from¡¡thence¡¡passeth¡¡by¡¡branches¡¡of¡¡rivers¡¡into¡¡
the¡¡river¡¡of¡¡Amazons£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡it¡¡doth¡¡on¡¡every¡¡hand¡¡far¡¡from¡¡the¡¡country¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡27¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡28¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡DISCOVERY¡¡OF¡¡GUIANA¡¡
itself£»¡¡for¡¡those¡¡Indians¡¡of¡¡Trinidad¡¡have¡¡plates¡¡of¡¡gold¡¡from¡¡Guiana£»¡¡and¡¡
those¡¡cannibals¡¡of¡¡Dominica¡¡which¡¡dwell¡¡in¡¡the¡¡islands¡¡by¡¡which¡¡our¡¡ships¡¡
pass¡¡¡¡¡¡yearly¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡West¡¡¡¡¡¡Indies£»¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Indians¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Paria£»¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡Indians¡¡
called¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Tucaris£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Chochi£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Apotomios£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Cumanagotos£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡
nations¡¡inhabiting¡¡¡¡¡¡near¡¡¡¡about¡¡the¡¡¡¡mountains¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡run¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡Paria¡¡¡¡through¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡province¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Venezuela£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡Maracapana£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡cannibals¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
Guanipa£»¡¡the¡¡Indians¡¡called¡¡Assawai£»¡¡Coaca£»¡¡Ajai£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡£¨all¡¡which¡¡
shall¡¡be¡¡described¡¡in¡¡my¡¡description¡¡as¡¡they¡¡are¡¡situate£©¡¡have¡¡plates¡¡of¡¡gold¡¡
of¡¡Guiana¡£¡¡And¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡river¡¡of¡¡Amazons£»¡¡Thevet¡¡writeth¡¡that¡¡the¡¡people¡¡
wear¡¡¡¡¡¡croissants¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡gold£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡form¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Guianians¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡commonly¡¡
make¡¡them£»¡¡so¡¡as¡¡from¡¡Dominica¡¡to¡¡Amazons£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡above¡¡250¡¡leagues£»¡¡
all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡chief¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Indians¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡parts¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡wear¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡plates¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Guiana¡£¡¡
Undoubtedly¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡trade¡¡¡¡¡¡Amazons¡¡¡¡¡¡return¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡gold£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨as¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡
aforesaid£©¡¡cometh¡¡by¡¡trade¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡Guiana£»¡¡by¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡branch¡¡of¡¡a¡¡river¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡
falleth¡¡from¡¡the¡¡country¡¡into¡¡Amazons£»¡¡and¡¡either¡¡it¡¡is¡¡by¡¡the¡¡river¡¡which¡¡
passeth¡¡by¡¡the¡¡nations¡¡called¡¡Tisnados£»¡¡or¡¡by¡¡Caripuna¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡enquiry¡¡¡¡¡¡amongst¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡ancient¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡best¡¡¡¡¡¡travelled¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Orenoqueponi£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡had¡¡knowledge¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡rivers¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡Orenoque¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡Amazons£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡desirous¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡understand¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡truth¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡
warlike¡¡women£»¡¡because¡¡of¡¡some¡¡it¡¡is¡¡believed£»¡¡of¡¡others¡¡not¡£¡¡And¡¡though¡¡I¡¡
digress¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡purpose£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡set¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hath¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡
delivered¡¡me¡¡for¡¡truth¡¡of¡¡those¡¡women£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡spake¡¡with¡¡a¡¡cacique£»¡¡or¡¡lord¡¡
of¡¡people£»¡¡that¡¡told¡¡me¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been¡¡in¡¡the¡¡river£»¡¡and¡¡beyond¡¡it¡¡also¡£¡¡The¡¡
nations¡¡of¡¡these¡¡women¡¡are¡¡on¡¡the¡¡south¡¡side¡¡of¡¡the¡¡river¡¡in¡¡the¡¡provinces¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡Topago£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡chiefest¡¡¡¡¡¡strengths¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡retracts¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡islands¡¡
situate¡¡on¡¡the¡¡south¡¡side¡¡of¡¡the¡¡entrance£»¡¡some¡¡60¡¡leagues¡¡within¡¡the¡¡mouth¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡said¡¡river¡£¡¡The¡¡memories¡¡of¡¡the¡¡like¡¡women¡¡are¡¡very¡¡ancient¡¡as¡¡well¡¡
in¡¡Africa¡¡as¡¡in¡¡Asia¡£¡¡In¡¡Africa¡¡those¡¡that¡¡had¡¡Medusa¡¡for¡¡queen£»¡¡others¡¡in¡¡
Scythia£»¡¡¡¡¡¡near¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡rivers¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Tanais¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Thermodon¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡¡¡¡¡find£»¡¡¡¡¡¡also£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡
Lampedo¡¡and¡¡Marthesia¡¡were¡¡queens¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Amazons¡£¡¡In¡¡many¡¡histories¡¡
they¡¡are¡¡verified¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡divers¡¡ages¡¡and¡¡provinces£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡
which¡¡are¡¡not¡¡far¡¡from¡¡Guiana¡¡do¡¡accompany¡¡with¡¡men¡¡but¡¡once¡¡in¡¡a¡¡year£»¡¡
and¡¡for¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡one¡¡month£»¡¡which¡¡I¡¡gather¡¡by¡¡their¡¡relation£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡in¡¡
April£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡time¡¡all¡¡kings¡¡of¡¡the¡¡borders¡¡assemble£»¡¡and¡¡queens¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡28¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡29¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡DISCOVERY¡¡OF¡¡GUIANA¡¡
Amazons£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡queens¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡chosen£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡rest¡¡¡¡¡¡cast¡¡¡¡¡¡lots¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡
valentines¡£¡¡This¡¡one¡¡month¡¡they¡¡feast£»¡¡dance£»¡¡and¡¡drink¡¡of¡¡their¡¡wines¡¡in¡¡
abundance£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡moon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡done¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡depart¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡
provinces¡£¡¡They¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡cruel¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡bloodthirsty£»¡¡¡¡¡¡especially¡¡¡¡to¡¡
such¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡offer¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡invade¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡territories¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡These¡¡¡¡¡¡Amazons¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡likewise¡¡
great¡¡store¡¡of¡¡these¡¡plates¡¡of¡¡gold£»¡¡which¡¡they¡¡recover¡¡by¡¡exchange¡¡chiefly¡¡
for¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡green¡¡stones£»¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Spaniards¡¡call¡¡piedras¡¡hijadas£»¡¡and¡¡
we¡¡use¡¡for¡¡spleen¡stones¡¡£¨stones¡¡reduced¡¡to¡¡powder¡¡and¡¡taken¡¡internally¡¡to¡¡
cure¡¡¡¡¡¡maladies¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡spleen£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡disease¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡stone¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡
esteem¡¡them¡£¡¡Of¡¡these¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡divers¡¡in¡¡Guiana£»¡¡and¡¡commonly¡¡every¡¡king¡¡
or¡¡cacique¡¡hath¡¡one£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡wives¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡wear£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡they¡¡
esteem¡¡them¡¡as¡¡great¡¡jewels¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡to¡¡return¡¡to¡¡the¡¡enterprise¡¡of¡¡Berreo£»¡¡who£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡have¡¡said£»¡¡departed¡¡
from¡¡Nuevo¡¡Reyno¡¡with¡¡700¡¡horse£»¡¡besides¡¡the¡¡provisions¡¡above¡¡rehearsed¡£¡¡
He¡¡descended¡¡by¡¡the¡¡river¡¡called¡¡Cassanar£»¡¡which¡¡riseth¡¡in¡¡Nuevo¡¡Reyno¡¡
out¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mountains¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡city¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Tunja£»¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡mountain¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡
springeth¡¡¡¡¡¡Pato£»¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡fall¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡river¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Meta£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Meta¡¡
riseth¡¡from¡¡a¡¡mountain¡¡joining¡¡to¡¡Pamplona£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡Nuevo¡¡Reyno¡¡de¡¡
Granada¡£¡¡These£»¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡Guaiare£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡issueth¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mountains¡¡by¡¡
Timana£»¡¡fall¡¡all¡¡into¡¡Baraquan£»¡¡and¡¡are¡¡but¡¡of¡¡his¡¡heads£»¡¡for¡¡at¡¡their¡¡coming¡¡
together¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡lose¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡names£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Baraquan¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡farther¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡also¡¡
rebaptized¡¡by¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡Orenoque¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡other¡¡side¡¡of¡¡the¡¡city¡¡and¡¡hills¡¡
of¡¡Timana¡¡riseth¡¡Rio¡¡Grande£»¡¡which¡¡falleth¡¡into¡¡the¡¡sea¡¡by¡¡Santa¡¡Marta¡£¡¡
By¡¡Cassanar¡¡first£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡into¡¡Meta£»¡¡Berreo¡¡passed£»¡¡keeping¡¡his¡¡horsemen¡¡
on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡banks£»¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡country¡¡¡¡¡¡served¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡march£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡
otherwise£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡driven¡¡to¡¡embark¡¡them¡¡in¡¡boats¡¡which¡¡he¡¡builded¡¡for¡¡the¡¡
purpose£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡came¡¡with¡¡the¡¡current¡¡down¡¡the¡¡river¡¡of¡¡Meta£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡into¡¡
Baraquan¡£¡¡After¡¡he¡¡entered¡¡that¡¡great¡¡and¡¡mighty¡¡river£»¡¡he¡¡began¡¡daily¡¡to¡¡
lose¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡companies¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡horse£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡m