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The coloring described in this book is sometimes more vivid than that found in the works of some learned authorities whose conflicting testimony is often sadly bewildering to the novice。 In different parts of the country； and at different seasons of the year； the plumage of some birds undergoes many changes。 The reader must remember； therefore； that the specimens examined and described were not； as before stated； the faded ones in our museums； but live birds in their fresh； spring plumage； studied afield。
The birds have been classed into color groups； in the belief that this method； more than any other will make identification most easy。 The color of the bird is the first； and often the only； characteristic noticed。 But they have also been classified according to the localities for which they show decided preferences and in which they are most likely to be found。 Again； they have been grouped according to the season when they may be expected。 In the brief paragraphs that deal with groups of birds separated into the various families represented in the book； the characteristics and traits of each clan are clearly emphasized。 By these several aids it is believed the merest novice will be able to quickly identify any bird neighbor that is neither local nor rare。
To the uninitiated or uninterested observer； all small； dull…colored birds are 〃common sparrows。〃 The closer scrutiny of the trained eye quickly differentiates； and picks out not only the Song； the Canada； and the Fox Sparrows； but finds a dozen other familiar friends where one who 〃has eyes and sees not〃 does not even suspect their presence。 Ruskin says： 〃The more I think of it； I find this conclusion more impressed upon me； that the greatest thing a human soul ever does in this world is to SEE something。 Hundreds of people can talk for one who can think； but thousands can think for one who can see。 To see clearly is poetry； prophecy； and religion all in one。〃
While the author is indebted to all the time…honored standard authorities； and to many ornithologists of the present day too many for individual mention it is to Mr。 John Burroughs her deepest debt is due。 To this clear…visioned prophet； who has opened the blind eyes of thousands to the delights that Nature holds within our easy reach； she would gratefully acknowledge many obligations； first of all； for the plan on which 〃Bird Neighbors〃 is arranged； next； for his patient kindness in reading and annotating the manuscript of the book； and； not least； for the inspiration of his perennially charming writings that are so largely responsible for the ready…made audience now awaiting writers on out…of…door topics。
The author takes this opportunity to express her appreciation of the work the National Association of Audubon Societies has done and is doing to prevent the slaughter of birds in all parts of the United States； to develop bird sanctuaries and inaugurate protective legislation。 Indeed to it； more than to all other agencies combined； is due the credit of eliminating so much of the Prussianlike cruelty toward birds that once characterized American treatment of them； from the rising generation。 NELTJE BLANCHAN
I。 BIRD FAMILIES
THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF EACH FAMILY INCLUDED IN 〃BIRD NEIGHBORS'
Order Coccyges： CUCKOOS AND KINGFISHERS
Family Cuculidae： CUCKOOS
Long； pigeon…shaped birds； whose backs are grayish brown with a bronze lustre and whose under parts are whitish。 Bill long and curved。 Tail long； raised and drooped slowly while the bird is perching。 Two toes point forward and two backward。 Call…note loud and like a tree…toad's rattle。 Song lacking。 Birds of low trees and undergrowth； where they also nest； partial to neighborhood of streams； or wherever the tent caterpillar is abundant。 Habits rather solitary； silent； and eccentric。 Migratory。 Yellow…billed Cuckoo。 Black…billed Cuckoo。
Family Alcedinidae： KINGFISHERS
Large； top…heavy birds of streams and ponds。 Usually seen perching over the water looking for fish。 Head crested； upper parts slate…blue； underneath white； and belted with blue or rusty。 Bill large and heavy。 Middle and outer toes joined for half their length。 Call…note loud and prolonged； like a policeman's rattle。 Solitary birds； little inclined to rove from a chosen locality。 Migratory。 Belted Kingfisher。
Order Pici： WOODPECKERS
Family Picidae： WOODPECKERS
Medium…sized and small birds； usually with plumage black and white； and always with some red feathers about the head。 （The flicker is brownish and yellow instead of black and white。） Stocky； high…shouldered build； bill strong and long for drilling holes in bark of trees。 Tail feathers pointed and stiffened to serve as a prop。 Two toes before and two behind for clinging。 Usually seen clinging erect on tree…trunks； rarely； if ever； head downward； like the nuthatches； titmice； etc。 Woodpeckers feed as they creep around the trunks and branches。 Habits rather phlegmatic。 The flicker has better developed vocal powers than other birds of this class； whose rolling tattoo； beaten with their bills against the tree…trunks； must answer for their love…song。 Nest in hollowed…out trees。 Red…headed Woodpecker。 Hairy Woodpecker。 Downy Woodpecker。 Yellow…bellied Woodpecker。 Flicker。
Order Macrochires： GOATSUCKERS； SWIFTS； AND HUMMING…BIRDS
Family Caprimulgidae： NIGHTHAWKS； WHIPPOORWILLS； ETC。
Medium…sized； mottled brownish； gray； black； and white birds of heavy build。 Short； thick head； gaping； large mouth； very small bill； with bristles at base。 Take insect food on the wing。 Feet small and weak； wings long and powerful。 These birds rest lengthwise on their perch while sleeping through the brightest daylight hours； or on the ground； where they nest。 Nighthawk。 Whippoorwill。
Family Micropolidae： SWIFTS
Sooty； dusky birds seen on the wing； never resting except in chimneys of houses； or hollow trees； where they nest。 Tips of tail feathers with sharp spines； used as props。 They show their kinship with the goatsuckers in their nocturnal as well as diurnal habits； their small bills and large mouths for catching insects on the wing； and their weak feet。 Gregarious； especially at the nesting season。 Chimney Swift。
Family Trochilidae： HUMMING…BIRDS
Very small birds with green plumage （iridescent red or orange breast in males）； long； needle…shaped bill for extracting insects and nectar from deep…cupped flowers； and exceedingly rapid； darting flight。 Small feet。 Ruby…throated Humming…bird。
Order Passeres： PERCHING BIRDS
Family Tyrannidae： FLYCATCHERS
Small and medium…sized dull； dark…olive； or gray birds； with big heads that are sometimes crested。 Bills hooked at end； and with bristles at base。 Harsh or plaintive voices。 Wings longer than tail； both wings and tails usually drooped and vibrating when the birds are perching。 Habits moody and silent when perching on a conspicuous limb； telegraph wire； dead tree； or fence rail and waiting for insects to fly within range。 Sudden； nervous； spasmodic sallies in midair to seize insects on the wing。 Usually they return to their identical perch or lookout。 Pugnacious and fearless。 Excellent nest builders and de