友情提示:如果本网页打开太慢或显示不完整,请尝试鼠标右键“刷新”本网页!阅读过程发现任何错误请告诉我们,谢谢!! 报告错误
热门书库 返回本书目录 我的书架 我的书签 TXT全本下载 进入书吧 加入书签

parmenides-第11章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!





no longer becomes; but is older; for if it went on it would never be



reached by the present; for it is the nature of that which goes on; to



touch both the present and the future; letting go the present and



seizing the future; while in process of becoming between them。



  True。



  But that which is becoming cannot skip the present; when it



reaches the present it ceases to become; and is then whatever it may



happen to be becoming。



  Clearly。



  And so the one; when in becoming older it reaches the present;



ceases to become; and is then older。



  Certainly。



  And it is older than that than which it was becoming older; and it



was becoming older than itself。



  Yes。



  And that which is older is older than that which is younger?



  True。



  Then the one is younger than itself; when in becoming older it



reaches the present?



  Certainly。



  But the present is always present with the one during all its being;



for whenever it is it is always now。



  Certainly。



  Then the one always both is and becomes older and younger than



itself?



  Truly。



  And is it or does it become a longer time than itself or an equal



time with itself?



  An equal time。



  But if it becomes or is for an equal time with itself; it is of



the same age with itself?



  Of course。



  And that which is of the same age; is neither older nor younger?



  No。



  The one; then; becoming and being the same time with itself; neither



is nor becomes older or younger than itself?



  I should say not。



  And what are its relations to other things? Is it or does it



become older or younger than they?



  I cannot tell you。



  You can at least tell me that others than the one are more than



the one…other would have been one; but the others have multitude;



and are more than one?



  They will have multitude。



  And a multitude implies a number larger than one?



  Of course。



  And shall we say that the lesser or the greater is the first to come



or to have come into existence?



  The lesser。



  Then the least is the first? And that is the one?



  Yes。



  Then the one of all things that have number is the first to come



into being; but all other things have also number; being plural and



not singular。



  They have。



  And since it came into being first it must be supposed to have



come into being prior to the others; and the others later; and the



things which came into being later; are younger than that which



preceded them? And so the other things will be younger than the one;



and the one older than other things?



  True。



  What would you say of another question? Can the one have come into



being contrary to its own nature; or is that impossible?



  Impossible。



  And yet; surely; the one was shown to have parts; and if parts; then



a beginning; middle and end?



  Yes。



  And a beginning; both of the one itself and of all other things;



comes into being first of all; and after the beginning; the others



follow; until you reach the end?



  Certainly。



  And all these others we shall affirm to be parts of the whole and of



the one; which; as soon as the end is reached; has become whole and



one?



  Yes; that is what we shall say。



  But the end comes last; and the one is of such a nature as to come



into being with the last; and; since the one cannot come into being



except in accordance with its own nature; its nature will require that



it should come into being after the others; simultaneously with the



end。



  Clearly。



  Then the one is younger than the others and the others older than



the one。



  That also is clear in my judgment。



  Well; and must not a beginning or any other part of the one or of



anything; if it be a part and not parts; being a part; be also of



necessity one?



  Certainly。



  And will not the one come into being together with each



part…together with the first part when that comes into being; and



together with the second part and with all the rest; and will not be



wanting to any part; which is added to any other part until it has



reached the last and become one whole; it will be wanting neither to



the middle; nor to the first; nor to the last; nor to any of them;



while the process of becoming is going on?



  True。



  Then the one is of the same age with all the others; so that if



the one itself does not contradict its own nature; it will be



neither prior nor posterior to the others; but simultaneous; and



according to this argument the one will be neither older nor younger



than the others; nor the others than the one; but according to the



previous argument the one will be older and younger than the others



and the others than the one。



  Certainly。



  After this manner then the one is and has become。 But as to its



becoming older and younger than the others; and the others than the



one; and neither older。 nor younger; what shall we say? Shall we say



as of being so also of becoming; or otherwise?



  I cannot answer。



  But I can venture to say; that even if one thing were older or



younger than another; it could not become older or younger in a



greater degree than it was at first; for equals added to unequals;



whether to periods of time or to anything else; leave the difference



between them the same as at first。



  Of course。 Then that which is; cannot become older or younger than



that which is; since the difference of age is always the same; the one



is and has become older and the other younger; but they are no



longer becoming so。



  True。



  And the one which is does not therefore become either older or



younger than the others which are



  No。



  But consider whether they may not become older and younger in



another way。



  In what way?



  Just as the one was proven to be older than the others and the



others than the one。



  And what of that?



  If the one is older than the others; has come into being a longer



time than the others。



  Yes。



  But consider again; if we add equal time to a greater and a less



time; will the greater differ from the less time by an equal or by a



smaller portion than before?



  By a smaller portion。



  Then the difference between the age of the one and the age of the



others will not be afterwards so great as at first; but if an equal



time be added to both of them they will differ less and less in age?



  Yes。



  And that which differs in age from some other less than formerly;



from being older will become younger in relation to that other than



which it was older?



  Yes; younger。



  And if the one becomes younger the others aforesaid will become



older than they were before; in relation to the one。



  Certainly。



  Then that which had become younger becomes older relatively to



that which previously had becom
返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 0 0
未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
温馨提示: 温看小说的同时发表评论,说出自己的看法和其它小伙伴们分享也不错哦!发表书评还可以获得积分和经验奖励,认真写原创书评 被采纳为精评可以获得大量金币、积分和经验奖励哦!