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第一个开门的人将被吓一跳。(不用will open)
There will be a special price for anybody who orders a suit in the next two weeks。
任何人在下两周内定做套装都将享受优惠价格。(不用will order)
但是,如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生,则两部分都要用来将来时,如:Those who will go abroad for training next year will start learning English tomorrow。
那些明年出国受训的人员,将从明天开始学习外语。注:①先行词有最高级形容词修饰时,常用that,而不用which:例:Edison was one of the greatest inventors that ever lived。
爱迪生是曾经有过的最伟大的发明家之一。
This is the best film that I’ve ever seen。
这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。
She was the greatest woman that/who has ever lived。
她是曾经有过的最伟大的女人。
②先行词有the same; the very; the first; the last; all; no; the only; much; little; none; any; every等时,常用that; 而不用which:例:He was the first man that we saw in the village。
他是我们在那个村子里看到的第一个人。
There is little that is interesting。
没什么令人感兴趣。
I still remember the first time that we met。
我仍然记得我们第一次见面的时候。
I’ll do anything (that) I can to help you。
我将尽一切可能帮助你。
Everything that can be done has been done。
能做的一切都做了。
God bless this ship and all who sail in her。
愿上帝保佑此船和所有乘此船航行的人。
All that I can say is thank you very much。
我能说的是(千言万语变成一句话):非常感谢你。
③当先行词既有人又有物时,用that,不用which,如:We were deeply impressed by the workers and their working conditions that we had visited。
我们参观过的工人及他们的工作条件留下了深刻印象。
We listened to him talk about the men and books that interested him。
我们听他谈论他感兴趣的人物和书籍。
④在same和such之后,定语从句用as引导,如:Let’s discuss only such questions as concern us。
让我们只讨论与我们有关的问题。
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells。
我从来没听说过他讲的这种故事。
I shall be surprised if he does this in the same way as I do。
如果他做这件事的方法和我一样,那就奇怪了。
She works in the same office as I do。
她和我在同一个办公室工作。
She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister does。
她姐妹俩穿同样的衣服。
He’s wearing the same dress as he wore at Mary’s wedding。
他穿着与他在Mary的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。
This is the same watch as I have lost。
这块表和我丢的那块一样。
I’ve never seen such kind of people as they are。
我从来没见过像他们这样的人。
I’ve never seen such kind people as they are。
我从来没见过象他们这样厚道的人。
I want the same shirt as my friend’s。
我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china。
我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。但是,如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生,则两部分都要用来将来时,注:④在same和such之后,定语从句用as引导,
偶尔,the same 后面也用that,如:He’s wearing the same suit that he wore at Mary’s wedding。
他穿着与他在Mary的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。
She works in the same office that I do。
她和我在同一个办公室工作。
This is the same watch that I have lost。
这块表和我丢的那块一样。
as 引导非限定性定语从句即可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时,后面常接下列句型。如:as is known; as is said; as is reported as is announced 等。例如:As we all know; Mr。 Wang is a good teacher。
As is known to all; the earth revolves round the sun。
He is tired; as you can see。
As I expected; he didn’t believe me。
As 引导非限定性定语从句时与which的区别:当主句和从句语义一致时,用as;反之,用which。如:He made a long speech; as was expected。
He made a long speech; which was unexpected。
Tom drinks a lot every day; which his wife doesn’t like at all。(3)但是,如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生,则两部分都要用来将来时,注:⑤在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,也可用复杂介词,如:by means of (用,依靠),as a result of (作为结果)等:例:I have three children; one daughter and two sons; all of whom graduated from the same university 。
我有三个孩子:一个女儿、两个儿子,他们都毕业于同一所大学。
The police; in whom I have great confidence; are trying to find out who did it。
我对警察有极大的信心,他们正在努力寻找是谁做的这件事。
This is the part of the river in which I like to swim。(in which=where)
我喜欢在这条河里面游泳,这就是(我喜欢游的)那个地方。
The man from whom you bought the house is my uncle。
你从他那里买下房子的那个人是我叔叔。
This is the desk by means of which he jumped over the wall。
这就是他用来跳过墙去的那张桌子。
She was running a fever; as a result of which she failed in the exam。
她当时正发烧,所以考试失败了。
He is the man from whose house the picture was stolen。
他就是那个家里的画被偷了的人。注:⑥一个先行词后面可以跟一个以上的定语从句,这种现象叫双重关系从句:例:Here are some words which are often used but which are very confusing。
这里有些常用但非常混乱的词。
He is the only person that I can find who is able to solve the problem。
他是我能找到的唯一解决这个问题的人。
名词性从句
在主从复合句中,从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下,主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当,所以,我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句,把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)引导。
常用的连接词有:连接词作用whether是否that(本身无词义)只起连接词作用,引导从句,在从句中不作任何成分在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语who,whom,whosewhich哪一个what什么,所…的在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语除了起连接词作用外,还在从句中作状语when什么时候,where什么地方how怎样,怎么,why为什么
疑问词(who; whom; whose; what; which; where; why; when; how)可以引导主语、宾语和表语从句。
它们的特点是:1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分,如主语、宾语或状语;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。
For example:
Do you know whom they are looking for? 你知道他们在找谁吗?(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是whom are they looking for?)
I don’t know who did it。 我不知道这是谁干的。(宾语从句。在从句中如果疑问词作主语,其陈述语序和疑问语序一致。)
She asked me where I had been。 她问我到哪儿去了。(宾语从句。陈述语序,不能是where had I been。 直接引语,间接引语。注意这句话的时态。)
Can you tell me when the train will arrive? 你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗?(宾语从句。陈述语序,不能是when will the train arrive。 直接引语,间接引语。)
I don’t know why he hasn’t come yet。 我不知道他为什么还没来。(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是why hasn’t he come yet。)
He didn’t tell me what you were doing。 他没和我说你在干什么。(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是what were you doing。)
What you have done might do harm t other people。 你所做过的事情有可能伤害别人。(主语从句。what 作从句的宾语。陈述语序,不能是what have you done。 如果用疑问语序,意思发生了变化,成了“你做了什么?”。)
I don’t know where he is now。 我不知道他现在在哪里。(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是where is he now。)