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条件状语从司的动词形式主句的动词形式If＋主语＋had＋过去分词i（we）should＋have＋过去分词主语＋could （might；could）＋have ＋ 过去分词例句：If you had taken my advice； you wouldn’t have failed in the examination。（fact： You did not take my advice； so you have failed in the examination。）I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination。（fact： I did not have more time at yesterday’s exam； so I didn’t check my paper again。）He would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in time。 （fact： He didn’t see the doctor in time； so he has not recovered from his illness。）If we had known that she was to arrive yesterday； we could have met her at the station。（fact： We didn’t know that she was to arrive yesterday； so we could not meet her at the station。）You didn’t let me drive。 If we had driven in turn； you wouldn’t have got so tired。（fact： We didn’t drive in turn； so you have got so tired。）
Now let’s do some translation：要是有人警告过他，他就不会吃那个食物了。If he had been warned； he would not have taken that food。如果你服从命令的话，灾难就不会发生了。If you had obeyed the order； the disaster could not have happened。假如你早接受了那个有经验的老工人的意见，你的试验就不会失败了。If you had taken the old experienced worker’s advice； you wouldn’t have failed in the experiment。如果我知道你要来的话，我就去机场接你了。If I had known that you were to arrive； I would have met you at the airport。如果我的律师上周六在这里，他就会阻止我去了。If my lawyer had been here last Saturday； he would have prevented me from going。要是她工作更努力些，她本是成功的。If she had worked harder； she would have succeeded。会上我没有见到你妹妹。如果她来了，她就见到我哥哥了。I didn’t see your younger sister at the meeting。 If she had come； she would have met my elder brother。
3、表示与将来事实相反的假设，对将来表示怀疑，或将来的动作不太可能实现时，条件状语从句和主句的谓语动词有以下形式：（见表）条件状语从句的动词形式（三种）主句的动词形式（1）if十主语＋动词过去式（be的过去式用were），通常要与一个表示将来的时间状语连用。（2）If＋主语（任何人称和数）＋should＋动词原形（3）if＋主语（任何人称和数）＋were to＋动词原形I（we）should＋动词原形主语＋would （might； could）＋动词原形请看以下句子：1）If it rains tomorrow； our picnic will be put off。 （说明：The weather has been very changeable these days。） 条件状语从句的谓语动词用现在时，表示说话人认为下雨的可能性很大。2）If it rained tomorrow； our picnic would be put off。 （说明：The weather has been very good these days。） 条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去时，表示说话人认为下雨的可能性不大。3）If it should rain tomorrow； our picnic would be put off。 （万一明天下雨，我们的野餐就推迟）。条件状语从句的谓语动词用should＋动词原形，说明下雨的可能性很小或没有可能，如果下雨，那将是出乎意料的。4）If it were to rain tomorrow； our picnic would be put off。这句话与上一句意思几乎一模一样。
If I saw him tomorrow； I would pass your note to him。If she were to miss the train tomorrow； she might come back and start off again the day after tomorrow。
万一你失败了，你准备怎么办？If you should fail； what would you do？要是我明天真的见到她，我就把真相告诉她。If I were to see her tomorrow； I would tell her the truth。万一明天下雨，会议就推迟。If it were to rain tomorrow； the meeting would be put off。我打赌巴西会赢得世界杯。要是巴西输了，我就请你搓一顿。I bet Brazil will win the World Cup。 If it should lose； I would treat you a meal。4、当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。这与以上三种情况不同，虚拟语气的谓语动词形式没有遵循以上规律。For example：
If you had worked hard； you would be very tired。 （从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。）
If he had followed the doctor’s advice； he would be quite all right now。
If I were you； I would have gone home。
Now let’s do some translation：如果她过去没有刻苦训练的话，就不会跑得这么快。（从句动作指的是过去，主句指的是现在的情况）（Fact： She has trained very hard； so she is able to run very fast now。）If she hadn’t trained so hard； she wouldn’t be able to run so fast。如果你当初每天都练习说英语的话，你的英语就会说得很好。（从句动作指的是过去，主句指的是现在的情况） （fact： You didn’t practice speaking English very hard every day； so you can’t speak English very well ）If you had practiced speaking English every day； you would speak English well enough。
5。 以上句型可以转换成以下形式：
1）条件状语从句省略if：在书面语中，如果条件状语从句的谓语中有were； had 或should； 就可以省略if； 并将were； had 或should 放到句首，谓语主语之前，用 “Were/Had/Should ＋ 主语”的形式。这种虚拟语气在意义上与带if 的条件状语从句相同。当然，如果从句没有were； had； 或should；就不能省略if。Now let’s look at some examples：
If I were to do it； I’d do it some other way。 →Were I to do it； I’d do it some other way。
If you should fail； try again。 →Should you fail； try again。
If you had been here earlier； you would have seen him。 →Had you been here earlier； you would have seen him。但是，If you came tomorrow； we would have the meeting。这句话if 就不能省略。而且，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略了if的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可以说：
Were it not for the expense； I would go to Italy。
但不能说：Weren’t it for the expense； I would go to Italy。Please do not use “if”：
如果我是你，我每天早上就早起床。
Were I you； I would get up early every morning。
假如你昨天早十分钟到达火车站，你就赶上火车了。
Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday； you could have caught the train。
要是明天有会议，我就会来。
Should there be a meeting； I would come。
2）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。（可以改为条件状语从句）。例如：
Without air； there would be no living things。
But for your help； I couldn’t have done it。
Without electricity human life would be quite different today。
Now let’s do some translation。 请用介词短语代替条件状语从句。
要不是你的帮助，我就失败了。
But for （except； without） your help； I would have failed。
如果没有恰当的控制手段，核反应堆就会爆炸。
Without proper means of control； a nuclear reactor would explode。
3）用其他方式代替条件状语从句（可以改写为条件状语从句。）例如：
It would produce bad results to do that。 用动词不定式 =If you did that/should do that； it would produce bad results。
She would have come； but she wasn’t informed； nor invited。 （用but。）=She would have come； if she had been informed or invited。
A more responsible person would not have left the work half done。 一个更负责的人是不会把工作做到一半就不管的。（用比较级） ＝If you （he； she） were more responsible； you （he； she） would not have left the work half done。
Now let’s do some translation：
聪明一点的人是不会干出这等蠢事的。
A wiser man would not have done such a foolish thing。
我应该早点写完这封信，但我一直很忙。
I should have written the letter earlier。 But I have been very busy。
要能登上珠穆朗玛峰，那经历该多棒！
It would be a fantastic experience to climb up to Mount Everest。
6、虚拟语气省略条件从句或主句表示虚拟语气的条件句的主句或从句有时可以省略，而省略部分的含义仍有所体现。
1）省略条件从句，如：
It would be very nice。
You could have done it yourself。 （省略If you had wa