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4。D词汇题。此题考查考生的推测能力和词汇量,文章讲述的是英国语言演进的具体细节,最适当的答案应该是D。作者很可能是一位语言学家。A答案(历史学家)和C答案(人类学家)也可以有点迷惑性。B答案(哲学家)是最不符合的。
5。C主旨题。本文从各个方面谈及英语作为一种语言的发展变化,但并不是讲述英语的历史。所以选项A不对,选项C作为文章的题目最为贴切。选项B只是文章阐述的一个方面,不够全面。文章是在谈到英语的不断变化的时候谈到了现代英语的一些特点,所以选项D也失之于片面。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 2
Passage 2建议用时:6。5分钟From:To:
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace。 『This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language; religion; values and attitudes; manners and customs; aesthetics; technology; education; and social institutions。』① To cope with this system; an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture。 To some extent; the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience。
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it。 Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity。 One is that business is business the world around; following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s。 In some cases; globalization is a fact of life; however; cultural differences are still far from converging。
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures。 Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection。 The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness。
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas。 The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience。 They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles。 These principles are to know your adversary; know your audience; and know your customer。
1。 According to the passage; which of the following is true?
A。 All international managers can learn culture。
B。 Business diversity is not necessary。
C。 Views differ on how to treat culture in business world。
D。 Most people do not know foreign culture well。
2。 According to the author; the model of Pepsi 。
A。 is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around
B。 is different from the model of McDonald’s
C。 shows the reverse of globalization
D。 has converged cultural differences
3。 The two schools of thought 。
A。 both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
B。 both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
C。 admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
D。 Both A and B
4。 This article is supposed to be most useful for those 。
A。 who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
B。 who have connections to more than one type of culture
C。 who want to travel abroad
D。 who want to run business on International Scale
5。 According to Fortune; successful international companies 。
A。 earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
B。 all have the quality of patience
C。 will follow the overseas local cultures
D。 adopt the policy of internationalization
Vocabulary
1。 dynamic adj。 动态的
2。 variable n。 变量
3。 aesthetics n。 美学
4。 factual adj。 事实的
5。 interpretative adj。 解释的
6。 converge v。 聚合
7。 transplant v。 移植
8。 myopia n。 近视
9。 adversary n。 对手
长难句解析
①【解析】此句虽然很长,但考生只要认清它的主干,就很容易了解本句的意思。这个句子为一个简单句,主语为:“this system”,谓语为“is shaped”。
【译文】特定社会成员特点构成的行为方式体系不断地被一系列动态变量所左右:如语言、信仰、价值与态度、礼仪与风俗、审美、技术、教育及社会体制。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述文化背景对商业运作的影响,文中列举了商界中存在的对于文化多样性的两种观点。
1。 C推断题。意为“对在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。 文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中,应该怎样对待不同的文化,商业界存在着不同的看法。
2。 A细节题。意为“……与同意世界商业一体化的派别的主张是一致的”。 Pepsi采纳的是国际化的商业风格,这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。
3。 C推断题。意为“承认商业世界中文化的多元性”。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。他们的不同在于,应该对待不同的文化,应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。
4。 D主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道,作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态,而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。
5。 B细节题。意为“都具有耐心这一素质”。并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入都占总收入的20%或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化,或是采纳国际化策略。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 3
Passage 3建议用时:7。5分钟From:To:
As regards social conventions; we must say a word about the well…known English class system。 『This is an embarrassing subject for English people; and one they tend to be ashamed of; though during the present century class…consciousness has grown less and less; and the class system less rigid。』① But it still exists below the surface。 Broadly speaking; it means there are two classes; the “middle class” and the “working class”。 (We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper class”; including the hereditary aristocracy; since it is extremely small in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords; and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life。) The middle class consists chiefly of well…to…do businessmen and professional people of all kinds。 The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers。
The most obvious difference between them is in their accent。 Middle…class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils。 Typical working…class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated。 One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two…class education system。 To have been to a so…called “public school” immediately marks you out as one of the middle c